This submission from Oxfam Australia to the UN Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) for Business and Human Rights is a contribution to the Expert Multi-Stakeholder Consultation that was held in Berlin January 2010. This submission is based on Oxfam Australia's experiences and observations of the responses of the Australian Government and the Australian mining sector to the Framework and matters it raises. While some Australian mining companies operating off shore may enjoy a better reputation than some of their competitors, significant governance gaps remain. Oxfam Australia believes that the Framework has a role to play in influencing the development of Australian Government policy, and company policy and practice especially in the mining sector where the risk of human rights abuses is higher than other sectors.